A car is crashing into the wall and there is a teddy bear sitting in the back seat and it is being projected forward and it was not wearing a seat belt, then the driver is moving towards the steering wheel and looks like he is going to smash into it.
What do you think?
Neither of them are wearing seat belts so they should learn a lesson to always wear them and make sure that you are sitting upright and in the correct position so the seat belt can work properly. If you don't wear one then you'll be projected out of the car.
1.
2. Myth Believer
3.
Safety features
Means of protection
Pre-1960 cars (yes/no)
New Cars (1,2,3)
seat belts
keeps the person from going through the window. It holds you back from going forward, and stop you from moving after the car stops.
no
1
head restraints
keeps your neck from breaking and keeps head from flying backwards
no
1
front airbags
provides cushioning
no
1
back up sensing system
it lets you see what is behind you when you're backing up
no
2
front crumple zones
leaves room for your car to crash without getting crushed
yes
2
rear crumple zones
leaves room for the car to crash without getting crushed
yes
2
side-impact beams in doors
protection the sides of the car from being crushed
no
1
shoulder belts for all seats
keeps the upper body from jolting out of the seat
no
1
anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
creates friction to stop in bad weather
no
2
tempered shatterproof glass
stops glass from shattering
no
1
side airbags
prevents you from hitting the sides of the car
no
2
turn signals
prevents collisions by warning the person in the back of you where you are turning
no
1
electronic stability control
helps resist rollovers
no
2 ,3
energy-absorbing collapsible steering column
prevents chest trauma
no
1
Physics talk
"Unsafe at any speed"
Cars were not safe in the past
Cars have greatly improved and have become much safer
They also have become must faster also
Seat belts are crucial and are used everyday to save lives
It proves that driving is extremely dangerous and even if you are in a safe car you have to be very careful
Checking Up
1.
Using seat belts, hard chrome dashboards, and solid steering.
2.
By not having head restraints and seatbelts the driver and passengers could get severely injured.
Physics to Go
1.
seat belts, head rests, front airbags, back up sensing system, front crumple, and turn signals.
2.
helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
3.
helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
4.
helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
5.
pads, turn signals, and head restraints
What do you think now?
You can stay safe in a vehicle by wearing a seat belt and observing all of the safety features that the newer cars have.
Section 2
Investigate 2: Newton's FIrst Law and Seatbelts
Hypothesis:
the passenger will be thrown forward through the glass
seat belts, headrest, air bag
It has to be stronger so that the passenger is not thrown out
Type of Seatbelt
Before Picture
After Picture
Description and Observations
Group
Thread
111Photo_45.jpg
111Photo_46.jpg
Arm chopped off. The seat belt cut
through his body and sliced his neck.
6
Wire
hershey_kissboybefore.jpg
hersheykissafter.jpg
The wire was put around the passenger pretty tightly in order for him to stay on the cart after the collision. The wire was so tight that it sliced his arms and chest. The wire material is not a good idea because it can harm the person even if the collision wasnt that bad.
1
String
Yarn
sgrant11.jpg
sgrant22221.jpg
Our observation of the yarn seat belt is that when the accident occurred, the figure slammed forward. This shows that the yarn is not sturdy enough to prevent an injury in an accident.
Ribbon
Photo_38lp.jpg
Photo_41lp.jpg
We made a seatbelt out of ribbon that went around his waist shoulders and chest. When the cart went down the ramp, the seatbelt held him in place and the clay person didn't leave the cart.
3
1- in masking
Photo_7758.jpg
Photo_7662.jpg
we took a piece of tape and folded it over so there was no sticky part. We then twirled the end to make tying it easier. We put the tape belt around "her" waist and tied it around the bottom of the cart. Despite my face in the after picture, the tape actually worked well because our figure was unharmed and barely moved.
4
1.
inertia - a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged
force - strength or energy s an attribute of physical action or movement
pressure - the continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it
2.
The passengers body goes forward off the car.
3.
The head, arms, and legs
4.
Any object in motion stay in motion until a force acts upon them. the force (human) gets speed until it hits something and then flies off the cart.
5.
The strongest material was the best. Like ribbon, string, and yarn
6.
The car colliding with whatever it is crashing into. Then your body crashes into something. Then your organs crash inside of you. You can get a concussion.
7.
The wire is very thin and can cut the person if the car is going fast enough
Conclusion
A seat beat is important in a car because without it then the person sitting in the car would be projected out if they ever got into a collision. If i had to design a seat belt for a race car i would put in a double restraint where it goes across your stomach twice and then crosses across each one of your shoulders so that it would be much safer. Like in the investigate where we used the ribbons to tie him down to the car and he was safe after the crash.
If the cart was launched at a different height each time then that could be an experimental error because then the crash would be different each time
To improve my results in this lab i would of used a expandable and contractible string like they use in real seat belts so that you can see the real effects of the crash
Section 3
Objective:How does an air bag protect you during an accident? An airbag cushions your body from the collision.
Hypothesis: Respond to the objective fully.
Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video).
Procedure:
Note: You may want to use the available technology to take "Before" and "After" pics to post in your data table to assist and elaborate on your written descriptions 1. Measure the height of your egg #1. 2. Place an egg in a ziplock bag, squeezing out all of the air in the bag before sealing. 3. Hold a ruler up on the table vertically. Hold the egg vertically at the 2 cm mark. (Keep the excess bag on top.) Drop it. Record your observations. 4. Hold the egg the same exact way at the 4-cm mark and repeat. Continue this process until the egg shell is slightly cracked. 5. Continue until the egg is smashed and the yolk leaks out. Measure the amount of egg still undamaged. How much of the egg is smashed? Be sure to record detailed observations. 6. Fill a bowl with rice and place the bowl inside of the box lid. 7. Measure the height of your egg #2. 8. Drop the egg from the smash height (Step 3). Measure the amount of egg sticking up out of the rice bed. How much of the egg is buried in the rice? Also, record your observations. 9. Repeat this, increasing the height in 2-cm increments until the egg is cracked, and then smashed.
Data and observations: Add more columns/row as needed.
Egg #
Drop Height
Cracked or Smashed?
Description and Observations
Dented flour
1 m: .5638 kg h: .055 m
2 cm
cracked
a small crack
1
4 cm
cracked
slightly more cracked
1
6 cm
cracked
dented but no yolk
1
8 cm
cracked
bigger crack
1
10 cm
cracked
continues to crack a little bit
1
12 cm
cracked
a piece of the shell cracked off
1
14 cm
cracked
more cracked, still no yolk
1
16 cm
cracked
more shell broke off
1
18 cm
cracked
more cracks and more shell
1
20 cm
cracked
cracked further
1
22 cm
cracked
shell broke off
1
24 cm
cracked
whites of the egg came out!
1
26 cm
cracked
more whites are oozing
1
28 cm
smashed
YOLK IS OUT! YAY
2 m: .5757 kg h: .056 m
28 cm
nothing happened to the egg
.027 m
2
28
nothing happened
2
30
nothing happened
2
32
nothing happened
2
34
nothing happened
2
36
nothing happened
no damage
.026
2
40
nothing happened
no damage
.028
2
44
nothing happened
no damage
.035
2
48
nothing happened
no damage
.038
2
52
nothing happened
no damage
.039
2
56
nothing happened
no damage
.04
2
60
nothing happened
no damage
.04
2
72
nothing happened
no damage
.041
2
1 meter
nothing happened
no damage
.045
2
ceiling
missed
broke
Calculations: Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
Screen_shot_2011-02-04_at_9.22.45_AM.png
Questions:
This investigate is an analogy for a person in an automobile collision. What does the egg represent? What does the table represent? What does the rice represent?
The Egg: the human
The Table: The wall or the collision
The Rice: The air bag or protection
Define the terms: Kinetic Energy and Work.
Kinetic Energy is 1/2mv^2 and Work is f(d)
What factors determine an object's kinetic energy?
the mass and velocity
When work is done on an object, what is the effect on the object's kinetic energy?
the displacement of the object
How does the force needed to stop a moving object depend on the distance the force acts?
the faster the object the larger the force
What difference does a soft landing area make on a passenger during a collision?
it prevents injury of the passenger
How does a cushion reduce the force needed to stop a passenger?
it provides a softer landing so that there is no injury
What does the law of conservation of energy have to do with this?
an object will continue in motion until another force acts upon it
Conclusion: · Using the law of conservation of energy, explain how an air bag can protect you during an accident. Use specific observations from this investigation to support your answers to these questions. · Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason. · How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)
Section 5
Momentum - the quantity of motion described by the product of mass and velocity
p = ma
large mass and small veloctiy
small mass and large velocity
large mass and large velocity
Physics to Go
1. The car that is stopped will have greater damage because it has less momentum
4. Football teams prefer offensive and defensive linemen who weigh 140 kg because they have greater momentum than lighter guys therefore being able to easily knock other people down.
5. What decides who will get knocked backward is whichever car has the least mass.
6. He would need to be moving at 1 m/s
Investigate 6
Objective: What physics principles do the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident?
Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video).
Procedure:
Place a motion detector at the right end of a track. Open up data studio. Dump "Velocity" into "Graph" display, and enlarge this.
Place a cart on the middle of the track with the velcro to the right. Call this the "target cart." Place a second identical cart on the right end of the track. Call this the "Bullet cart".
Click "Start" on Data Studio, and then push the bullet cart very gently towards the target cart so that they collide and stick together. You may need to practice this a few times. Be sure to get your body out of the way of the motion detector!
Examine the graph produced by the motion detector. Using the Smart Tool, find the velocity right before and right after the collision. Record this in your data table.
Vary the masses of the carts and repeat the process 5 times.
Data and observations: Add more columns/row as needed.
Mass of Bullet Cart (kg)
Mass of Target Cart (kg)
Speed of Bullet Cart(m/s)
Speed of Target cart (m/s)
Combined masses (kg)
Final Velocity of both carts (m/s)
.501
.499
.85
0
1.009
.42
.726
.499
.84
0
1.225
.49
1
.499
.65
0
1.499
.50
1.25
.499
.79
0
1.749
.61
1.5
1
.75
0
2.5
.45
1
2
.76
0
3
.30
Calculations: Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
Find the initial momentum of the bullet cart for each trial.
Compare the initial momenta (calc 3) to the final momentum (calc 4). (Allow for minor variations due to uncertainties of measurement.)
There is a little difference but they are the same
List the 6 types of collisions (top of page 312) and a brief description.
One moving object hits a stationary object and both stick together and move off at the same speed
Two stationary objects explode by the release of a spring between them and move off at the same speed
One moving object hits a stationary object. The first object stops, and the second objects moves off
One moving object hits a stationary object, and both move off at different speeds
Two moving objects collide, and both objects move at different speeds after the collision
Two moving objects collide, and both objects stick together and move off at the same speed
Which types of collisions are definitely inelastic? How do you know?
Collision 2,5 because when you do the calculations they are all equal
Which types of collisions are definitely elastic? How do you know?
1,4,6 because when you do the calculations they are not equal
Define the law of conservation of momentum.
In a system consisting of bodies on which no outside forces are acting; the total momentum of the system remains the same.
Use the law of conservation of momentum to describe what happens when a cue ball hits the 15 balls in the middle of the pool table.
The pool ball transfers all of its momentum into the balls and causes them to travel with less momentum than the white ball but still move.
Conclusion:
· Based on the law of conservation of momentum, how can the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident? What does it mean to "conserve" momentum?
They use the law of conservation of momentum to see who was speeding at what caused the accident.
· Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason.
If we hadn't had measured the distance correctly
· How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)
I would make all of the calculations more exactly and do more trials.
Physics to Go
2)
person ---> <--- person
p = mv
p = (1)(2)
p = 2 km(m/s)
p = -2 km(m/s)
mvi+m2vi2 = p
1kg(2m/s)+1kg(-2m/s)
0= p
mvi+m2vi2 = mvf+m2vf2
1kg(2m/s)+1kg(-2m/s) = 1kg(vf)+1kg(vf2)
0=2kg(vf)
0=v
3.
vi=? Vif = 4m/s
Vi2= 0/ V2f = 4 m/s
mvi+m2vi2=mvf+m2vf2
mvi+mvi=m(4)+m(4)
Vi= 8m
vi=8 m/s
5.
After they collide, B gains the 4000 kh(m/s). There is no change in momentum.
Chapter 3 Wiki Log
Section 1:
What do you see?
What do you think?
1.
2. Myth Believer
3.
(yes/no)
(1,2,3)
Checking Up
1.
- Using seat belts, hard chrome dashboards, and solid steering.
2.Physics to Go
1.
- seat belts, head rests, front airbags, back up sensing system, front crumple, and turn signals.
2.- helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
3.- helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
4.- helmet, elbows pads, knee pads, and wrist pads
5.What do you think now?
Section 2
Investigate 2:
Newton's FIrst Law and Seatbelts
Hypothesis:
through his body and sliced his neck.
2.
- The passengers body goes forward off the car.
3.- The head, arms, and legs
4.- Any object in motion stay in motion until a force acts upon them. the force (human) gets speed until it hits something and then flies off the cart.
5.- The strongest material was the best. Like ribbon, string, and yarn
6.- The car colliding with whatever it is crashing into. Then your body crashes into something. Then your organs crash inside of you. You can get a concussion.
7.Conclusion
Section 3
Objective:How does an air bag protect you during an accident?
An airbag cushions your body from the collision.
Hypothesis: Respond to the objective fully.
Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video).
Procedure:
Note: You may want to use the available technology to take "Before" and "After" pics to post in your data table to assist and elaborate on your written descriptions
1. Measure the height of your egg #1.
2. Place an egg in a ziplock bag, squeezing out all of the air in the bag before sealing.
3. Hold a ruler up on the table vertically. Hold the egg vertically at the 2 cm mark. (Keep the excess bag on top.) Drop it. Record your observations.
4. Hold the egg the same exact way at the 4-cm mark and repeat. Continue this process until the egg shell is slightly cracked.
5. Continue until the egg is smashed and the yolk leaks out. Measure the amount of egg still undamaged. How much of the egg is smashed? Be sure to record detailed observations.
6. Fill a bowl with rice and place the bowl inside of the box lid.
7. Measure the height of your egg #2.
8. Drop the egg from the smash height (Step 3). Measure the amount of egg sticking up out of the rice bed. How much of the egg is buried in the rice? Also, record your observations.
9. Repeat this, increasing the height in 2-cm increments until the egg is cracked, and then smashed.
Data and observations: Add more columns/row as needed.
Calculations: Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
Questions:
This investigate is an analogy for a person in an automobile collision. What does the egg represent? What does the table represent? What does the rice represent?
The Egg: the human
The Table: The wall or the collision
The Rice: The air bag or protection
Conclusion:
· Using the law of conservation of energy, explain how an air bag can protect you during an accident. Use specific observations from this investigation to support your answers to these questions.
· Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason.
· How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)
Section 5
Momentum - the quantity of motion described by the product of mass and velocity
p = ma
large mass and small veloctiy
small mass and large velocity
large mass and large velocity
Physics to Go
1. The car that is stopped will have greater damage because it has less momentum
4. Football teams prefer offensive and defensive linemen who weigh 140 kg because they have greater momentum than lighter guys therefore being able to easily knock other people down.
5. What decides who will get knocked backward is whichever car has the least mass.
6. He would need to be moving at 1 m/s
Investigate 6
Objective: What physics principles do the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident?
Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video).
Procedure:
Data and observations: Add more columns/row as needed.
Calculations: Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
1- p= (.501)(.85)= 0.426 km(m/s)
2- p= (.726)(.84)=0.609 km(m/s)
3- p= (1)(.65)=0.65 km(m/s)
4- p= (1.25)(.79)=0.988 km(m/s)
5- p= (1.5)(.75)= 1.125 km(m/s)
6- p= (1)(.76)= .76 km(m/s)
1- p=(.499)(0)= 0 km(m/s)
2- p=(.499)(0)= 0 km(m/s)
3- p=(.499)(0)=0 km(m/s)
4- p=(.499)(0)= 0 km(m/s)
5- p=1(0)=0 km(m/s)
6- p=2(0)=0 km(m/s)
2- .609+0= .609 km(m/s)
3- .65+0= .65 km(m/s)
4- .988+0= .988 km(m/s)
5- 1.125+0= 1.125 km(m/s)
6- .76+0= .76 km(m/s)
1- p= (1.009)(.42)= 0.424 km(m/s)
2- p= (1.225)(.49)= 0.6002 km(m/s)
3- p= (1.499)(.5)= 0.7495 km(m/s)
4- p= (1.749)(.61)= 1.0669 km(m/s)
5- p= (2.5)(.45)= 1.125 km(m/s)
6- p= (3)(.31)= 0.93 km(m/s)
Questions:
Conclusion:
· Based on the law of conservation of momentum, how can the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident? What does it mean to "conserve" momentum?
They use the law of conservation of momentum to see who was speeding at what caused the accident.
· Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason.
If we hadn't had measured the distance correctly
· How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)
I would make all of the calculations more exactly and do more trials.
Physics to Go
2)
3.
5.
6.
- mvi+m2vi2 = mvf+m2vf
- 2000(3)+2000(2) = 2000vf+2000vf
- 10,000 = 4000vf
- 2.5m/s = Vf
7.8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.